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Etonogestrel contraceptive implant
Etonogestrel contraceptive implant, sold under the brandnames Nexplanon and Implanon, is a single-rod subdermal contraceptive implant made by Merck & Co. that is inserted just under the skin of a woman's upper arm and contains etonogestrel. Nexplanon/Implanon are a type of long-acting reversible contraception, the most effective form of birth control. Nexplanon and Implanon NXT are essentially identical to Implanon except Nexplanon and Implanon NXT have 15 mg of barium sulphate added to the core, so it is detectable by x-ray. Nexplanon / Implanon NXT also has a pre-loaded applicator for easier insertion. Implanon was first approved for use in Indonesia in 1998, then approved for use in the United States in 2006. Subdermal contraceptive implants are now used by 11 million women around the world and approved for use in over 60 countries as of 2003.
==Effectiveness==
Nexplanon and Implanon are a type of long-acting reversible contraception, which has been shown to be the most effective form of birth control available.〔 The failure rate of Implanon is .05% for both perfect use and typical use because the method requires no user action after insertion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Contraceptive Use in the United States )〕 Prospective follow-up studies of Implanon, which include over 2,467 women-years of exposure, have found no pregnancies.〔〔〔〔
Other studies have found some failures with this method, some attributed to failures of the method itself and others to improper placement, drug interactions, or conception prior to method insertion.
In comparison, tubal sterilization has a failure rate of 0.5% and IUDs have a failure rate of 0.2–0.8%.〔 These statistics suggest that Implanon and Nexplanon are almost ten times more effective at preventing pregnancy than tubal sterilization. Also, tubal sterilization is permanent, whereas the subdermal implant is completely reversible, required to be replaced every three years.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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