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nicolaism
Nicolaism (also Nicholaism, Nicolationism, or Nicolaitanism) is a Christian heresy, first mentioned (twice) in the Book of Revelation of the New Testament, whose adherents were called Nicolaitans, Nicolaitanes, or Nicolaites. According to Revelation 2, vv. 6 and 15,〔.〕 they were known in the cities of Ephesus and Pergamum. In this chapter, the church at Ephesus is commended for "hating the deeds of the Nicolaitans, which I also hate" and the church in Pergamos is blamed "So hast thou also them that hold the doctrine of the Nicolaitans".
Several of the early church fathers, including Irenaeus, Hippolytus,〔''Philosophumena'', vii. 26.〕 Epiphanius, and Theodoret mentioned this group, and stated that the deacon Nicolas was the author of the heresy and the sect.
==Interpretations==
The common statement is that the Nicolaitans held the antinomian heresy of 1 Corinthians 6, although this has not been proved. Victorinus of Pettau states that they ate things offered to idols.〔St. Victorinus of Pettau, ''Commentary on the Apocalypse'', 2.1〕 Bede states that Nicolas allowed other men to marry his wife.〔 Bede, ''Explanation of the Apocalypse'', 2.16〕 Thomas Aquinas believed that Nicholas supported either polygamy or the holding of wives in common.〔''S. C. G.'' iii. 124.〕 Eusebius claimed that the sect was short-lived.〔''H. E''. iii. 29.〕
Another opinion, favoured by a number of authors, is that, because of the allegorical character of the Apocalypse, the reference to the Nicolaitans is merely a symbolic manner of reference.〔 As a symbolic reference, the "teaching of the Nicolaitans" refers to dominating the people, compared to the "teaching of Balaam" which refers to seducing the people. John, the author of Revelation, discusses domination within the church in 3 John 9-11.〔Hayden, D. (2006). Mindgames. http://www.awordfromtheword.org〕 Such a teaching would contradict "… whoever would be great among you must be your servant," Matthew 20:26.
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