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:''For the character in Xenosaga, see Gaignun Kukai. Nigredo is also an album by Diary of Dreams. In alchemy, nigredo, or blackness, means putrefaction or decomposition. The alchemists believed that as a first step in the pathway to the philosopher's stone all alchemical ingredients had to be cleansed and cooked extensively to a uniform black matter.〔''Chemical History Tour, Picturing Chemistry from Alchemy to Modern Molecular Science'' Adele Droblas Greenberg Wiley-Interscience 2000 ISBN 0-471-35408-2〕 In analytical psychology, the term became a metaphor 'for the dark night of the soul, when an individual confronts the shadow within'.〔Roberte H. Hopeke, ''A Guided Tour of the Collected Works of C. G. Jung'' (Boston 1989) p. 165〕 ==Jung== For Carl Jung, 'the rediscovery of the principles of alchemy came to be an important part of my work as a pioneer of psychology'.〔C. G. Jung, ''Man and his Symbols'' (London 1978) p. 40〕 As a student of alchemy, he (and his followers) 'compared the "black work" of the alchemists (the nigredo) with the often highly critical involvement experienced by the ego, until it accepts the new equilibrium brought about by the creation of the self'.〔(Hans Dieckmann, "Shadow (Analytical Psychology)" )〕 Jungians interpreted nigredo in two main psychological senses. The first sense represented a subject's initial state of undifferentiated unawareness, 'the first nigredo, that of the ''unio naturalis'', is an objective state, visible from the outside only...an unconscious state of non-differentiation between self and object, consciousness and the unconscious'.〔Paul W Ashton, ''From the Brink'' 9London 2007) p. 231〕 Here the subject is '"too conscious"...in reality unconscious of the unconscious; i.e. the connection with the instincts'.〔Gerhard Adler, ''Studies in Analytical Psychology'' (London 1999) p. 19〕 In the second sense, 'the nigredo of the process of individuation on the other hand is a subjectively experienced process brought about by the subject's painful, growing awareness of his shadow aspects'.〔Ashton, ''Brink'' p. 231〕 It could be described as a moment of maximum despair, that is a prerequisite to personal development.〔Jung, C. G. ''Psychology and Alchemy'' 2nd. ed. (Transl. by R. F. C. Hull〕 As individuation unfolds, so 'confrontation with the shadow produces at first a dead balance, a standstill that hampers moral decisions and makes convictions ineffective or even impossible...''nigredo'', ''tenebrositas'', chaos, melancholia'.〔C. G. Jung, ''Mysteruim Coniunctionis'' (London 1963) p. 497〕 Here is 'the darkest time, the time of despair, disillusionment, envious attacks; the time when Eros and Superego are at daggers drawn, and there seems no way forward...''nigredo'', the blackening'.〔Christopher Perry, in P. Young-Eisendrath/T. Dawson eds., ''The Cambridge Companion to Jung'' (Cambridge 1977) p. 152-3〕 Only subsequently would come 'an enantiodromia; the ''nigredo'' gives way to the ''albedo''...the ever deepening descent into the unconscious suddenly becomes illumination from above'〔C. G. Jung, "Psychology of the Transference", ''Collected Works Vol 16'' (London 19540 p. 279〕 Further steps of the alchemical opus include such images as albedo (whiteness), citrinitas (yellowness), and rubedo (redness). Jung also found psychological equivalents for many other alchemical concepts, with 'the characterization of analytic work as an ''opus''; the reference to the analytic relationship as a ''vas'', vessel or container; the goal of the analytic process as the ''coniunctio'', or union of conflicting opposites'.〔Hopeke, ''A Guided Tour" p. 164-5〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「nigredo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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