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nihonga
or literally "Japanese-style paintings" are paintings that have been made in accordance with traditional Japanese artistic conventions, techniques and materials. While based on traditions over a thousand years old, the term was coined in the Meiji period of the Imperial Japan, to distinguish such works from Western-style paintings, or .
==Materials==
''Nihonga'' are typically executed on ''washi'' (Japanese paper) or ''eginu'' (silk), using brushes. The paintings can be either monochrome or polychrome. If monochrome, typically ''sumi'' (Chinese ink) made from soot mixed with a glue from fishbone or animal hide is used. If polychrome, the pigments are derived from natural ingredients: minerals, shells, corals, and even semi-precious stones like malachite, azurite and cinnabar. The raw materials are powdered into 16 gradations from fine to sandy grain textures. A hide glue solution, called ''nikawa'', is used as a binder for these powdered pigments. In both cases, water is used; hence ''nihonga'' is actually a water-based medium. ''Gofun'' (powdered calcium carbonate that is made from cured oyster, clam or scallop shells) is an important material used in ''nihonga''. Different kinds of ''gofun'' are utilized as a ground, for under-painting, and as a fine white top color.
Initially, ''nihonga'' were produced for hanging scrolls (''kakemono''), hand scrolls (''emakimono'') or folding screens (''byōbu''). However, most are now produced on paper stretched onto wood panels, suitable for framing. Nihonga paintings do not need to be put under glass. They are archival for thousands of years.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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