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nirukta
Nirukta ((サンスクリット:निरुक्त), , "explanation, etymological interpretation") is one of the six disciplines of Hinduism, treating etymology, particularly of obscure words, especially those occurring in the Vedas.〔V. S. Apte, ''A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary'', p. 556. Apte gives a ''nirukta sūtra'' for the word ''nirukta'' itself using a traditional definition as नाम च धातुजमाह निरुत्कं which could be translated as "Name and root origins are ''nirukta''".〕〔Monier-Williams. ''A Sanskrit-English Dictionary''. p. 553.〕〔Macdonell, Arthur Anthony. ''A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary''. p. 142.〕 The discipline is traditionally attributed to , an ancient Sanskrit grammarian. Yāska's association with the discipline is so great that he is also referred to as Niruktakāra or Niruktakrit ("Maker of Nirukta"), as well as Niruktavat ("Author of Nirukta"). In practical use, nirukta consists of brief rules (sūtras) for deriving word meanings, supplemented with glossaries of difficult or rare Vedic words.
Nirukta is also the name given to a celebrated commentary by Yāska on the Nighantu, an even older glossary (dated before 14th Century CE)〔Sarup, Part I, p.50〕 which was already traditional in his time. Yāska's Nirukta contains a treatise on etymology, and deals with various attempts to interpret the many difficult Vedic words in the Nighantu. It is in the form of explanations of words, and is the basis for later lexicons and dictionaries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Resources and Information )〕 The Nighantu is now traditionally combined with the Nirukta as a unified text.
A critical edition of the Nighantu and the Nirukta was published by Lakshman Sarup in the 1920s.
==Etymology==
Nirukta (Sanskrit) comes from ''nir'' "forth, out" and the verbal root ''vac-'' to speak, utter. Uttered, pronounced, expressed, defined; as a noun, the etymological interpretation of a word, also the name of such works.
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