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nitrazepam
Nitrazepam is a hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class, indicated for the short-term relief of severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Hypnotics and anxiolytics )〕 It also has sedative and motor-impairing properties, as well as amnestic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal muscle relaxant effects.
It is marketed under the trade names: Alodorm, Arem, Insoma, Insomin, Mogadon, Nitrados, Nitrazadon, Nitrosun, Ormodon, Paxadorm, Remnos, and Somnite.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Benzodiazepine Names )〕
==Medical use==
Nitrazepam is used to treat short-term sleeping problems (insomnia), namely difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakening, early awakening, or a combination of each.
Nitrazepam is sometimes used for refractory epilepsies. However, long-term prophylactic treatment of epilepsy has considerable drawbacks. Most importantly, the loss of antiepileptic effects due to tolerance which renders prolonged nitrazepam therapy ineffective. It also has the drawback of significant side effects such as sedation, which is why nitrazepam and benzodiazepines in general are only prescribed in the acute management of epilepsies. Nitrazepam has been found to be more effective than clonazepam in the treatment of West syndrome, which is an age-dependent epilepsy, affecting the very young. However, as with other epilepsies treated with benzodiazepines, long-term therapy becomes ineffective with prolonged treatment, and the side effects of hypotonia and drowsiness are troublesome with nitrazepam therapy; other antiepileptic agents are therefore recommended for long-term therapy, possibly corticotropin (ACTH) or vigabatrin. In uncontrolled studies, nitrazepam has shown effectiveness in infantile spasms; it is sometimes considered as a treatment option for this indication when other drugs fail to control infantile spasms.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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