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Nmap (''Network Mapper'') is a security scanner originally written by Gordon Lyon (also known by his pseudonym ''Fyodor Vaskovich'') used to discover hosts and services on a computer network, thus creating a "map" of the network. To accomplish its goal, Nmap sends specially crafted packets to the target host and then analyzes the responses. The software provides a number of features for probing computer networks, including host discovery and service and operating system detection. These features are extensible by scripts that provide more advanced service detection,〔(Nmap Scripting Engine ). Nmap.org. Retrieved on 2013-02-01.〕 vulnerability detection,〔 and other features. Nmap is also capable of adapting to network conditions including latency and congestion during a scan. Nmap is under development and refinement by its user community. Nmap was originally a Linux-only utility,〔(The History and Future of Nmap ). Nmap.org. Retrieved on 2013-02-01.〕 but it was ported to Windows, Solaris, HP-UX, BSD variants (including OS X), AmigaOS, and IRIX.〔(Other Platforms ). Nmap.org. Retrieved on 2013-02-01.〕 Linux is the most popular platform, followed closely by Windows.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nmap Installation for Windows )〕 ==Features== Nmap features include: * Host discovery – Identifying hosts on a network. For example, listing the hosts that respond to TCP and/or ICMP requests or have a particular port open. * Port scanning – Enumerating the open ports on target hosts. * Version detection – Interrogating network services on remote devices to determine application name and version number.〔(Service and Application Version Detection )〕 * OS detection – Determining the operating system and hardware characteristics of network devices. * Scriptable interaction with the target – using (Nmap Scripting Engine ) (NSE) and Lua programming language. Nmap can provide further information on targets, including reverse DNS names, device types, and MAC addresses. Typical uses of Nmap: * Auditing the security of a device or firewall by identifying the network connections which can be made to, or through it.〔(Nmap Overview and Demonstration ).〕 * Identifying open ports on a target host in preparation for auditing.〔(When Good Scanners Go Bad ), From (), ComputerWorld 22 March 1999〕 * Network inventory, network mapping, maintenance and asset management. * Auditing the security of a network by identifying new servers.〔(nmap-audit – Network auditing with Nmap ). heavyk.org〕 * Generating traffic to hosts on a network.〔(Nping - Network packet generation tool / ping utiliy ).〕 * Find and exploit vulnerabilities in a network. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「nmap」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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