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notation
In linguistics and semiotics, a notation is a system of graphics or symbols, characters and abbreviated expressions, used in artistic and scientific disciplines to represent technical facts and quantities by convention. Therefore, a notation is a collection of related symbols that are each given an arbitrary meaning, created to facilitate structured communication within a domain knowledge or field of study.
Standard notations refer to general agreements in the way things are written or denoted. The term is generally used in technical and scientific areas of study like mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, but can also be seen in areas like business, economics and music.
==Written communication==
* Phonographic writing systems, by definition, use symbols to represent components of auditory language, i.e. speech, which in turn refers to things or ideas. The five main kinds of phonographic notational system are the alphabet and syllabary. Some written languages are more consistent in their correlation of written symbol or grapheme and sound or phoneme, and are therefore considered to have better phonemic orography.
* Ideographic writing, by definition, refers to things or ideas independently of their pronunciation in any language. All of the notational systems listed below are ideographic. Some ideographic systems are also pictograms that convey meaning through their pictorial resemblance to a physical object.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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