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Nougat ( ; ;〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/nougat )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nougat )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nougat )〕 (:nu.ɡa)) is a family of confections made with sugar or honey, roasted nuts (almonds, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, and macadamia nuts are common), whipped egg whites, and sometimes chopped candied fruit. The consistency of nougat is chewy, and it is used in a variety of candy bars and chocolates. The word ''nougat'' comes from Occitan ''pan nogat'' (), seemingly from Latin ''panis nucatus'' 'nut bread' (the late colloquial Latin adjective ''nucatum'' means 'nutted' or 'nutty'). There are three basic kinds of nougat. The first, and most common, is white nougat ("mandorlato" or "torrone" in Italy), made with beaten egg whites and honey; it appeared in Cremona, Italy, in the early 15th century and in Montélimar, France, in the 18th century. The second is brown nougat (''nougatine'' in French), which is made without egg whites and has a firmer, often crunchy texture. The third is the Viennese or German nougat which is essentially a chocolate and nut (usually hazelnut) praline. ==Distribution and popularity== In southern Europe, where it is likely to have originated,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Nougat )〕 nougat is largely associated with the Christmas season. ''Turron'', a candy related to the traditional French ''nougat'', is produced in Spain (''turrón'', or, in Catalan, ''torró'') and some neighboring parts of France, in Cremona, Taurianova and Sicily in Italy (where it is called torrone, or ''Cupeta'' from Latin ''Cupedia'';〔http://www.sito.regione.campania.it/AGRICOLTURA/tipici/tradizionali/torrone-benevento.htm〕 the most famous Sicilian nougat is called ''cubbaita''), Greece (where it is known as ''mandolato''), Malta (where it is known as ''qubbajd'' and sold in village festivals). The "nougat" used as an ingredient in many modern candy bars in the United States and United Kingdom is different from traditional recipes, being a mixture of sucrose and corn syrup aerated with a whipping agent such as egg white or hydrolyzed soya protein or gelatine. It is a preferred and often used ingredient of large candy companies, being inexpensive to make and used as a "filler". It may also have vegetable fats and milk powder added, and is typically combined with nuts, caramel, or chocolate. In contrast, some American confections feature such "nougat" as the primary component, rather than one of several. Varieties of nougat are found in 3 Musketeers, Double Decker, ZERO bars, and Baby Ruth bars. In Britain, nougat is traditionally made in imitation of the southern European varieties and is still commonly found at fairgrounds and the seaside. The most common industrially produced type〔http://www.dooyoo.co.uk/food/barrat-nougat-bar/〕 is coloured pink and white, the pink often fruit flavoured, and sometimes wrapped in edible rice paper with almonds and cherries, sometimes substituted for peanuts, or omitted altogether. Nougat is also enjoyed in Australasia and the Far East, where it is sold as a gourmet confection. Golden Boronia, Mondo Nougat, Margaret River Nougat Company and Flying Swan are the most widely known manufacturers in Australasia specializing in the production of European style nougat all year round as opposed to the many European manufacturers which treat the product as a seasonal specialty. The popularity of nougat in Australasia has primarily been driven by the Australian manufacturers as well as some imported varieties from South Africa and Europe. In some Francophone countries in the Middle East, Nougat has become a staple of the local confectionery offering. This is particularly evident in Lebanon, where local confectionery makers, especially in Tripoli, produce variations of the sweet in various shapes and forms, often involving rose oil and nuts. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「nougat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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