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oak
An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (;〔(''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' ) 1995, Leisure Arts, pp. 606–607, ISBN 0376038519.〕 Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 600 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" may also appear in the names of species in related genera, notably ''Lithocarpus''. The genus is native to the Northern Hemisphere, and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cool temperate to tropical latitudes in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and North Africa. North America contains the largest number of oak species, with approximately 90 occurring in the United States. Mexico has 160 species, of which 109 are endemic. The second greatest center of oak diversity is China, which contains approximately 100 species.〔Hogan, C. Michael (2012) (''Oak'' ). ed. Arthur Dawson. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC〕
Oaks have spirally arranged leaves, with lobate margins in many species; some have serrated leaves or entire leaves with smooth margins. Many deciduous species are marcescent, not dropping dead leaves until spring. In spring, a single oak tree produces both male flowers (in the form of catkins) and small female flowers.〔Conrad, Jim. ("Oak Flowers" ). backyardnature.com. 2011-12-12. Retrieved 2013-11-03.〕 The fruit is a nut called an acorn, borne in a cup-like structure known as a cupule; each acorn contains one seed (rarely two or three) and takes 6–18 months to mature, depending on species. The live oaks are distinguished for being evergreen, but are not actually a distinct group and instead are dispersed across the genus.
==Classification==
Oak trees are a flowering plant. Oaks may be divided into two genera (sometimes referred to as subgenera) and a number of sections:
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