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oenothera
''Oenothera'' is a genus of about 145〔Singh, S., et al. (2012). (An updated review on the ''Oenothera'' genus. ) ''J. Chin. Integr. Med'' 10, 717-25.〕 species of herbaceous flowering plants native to the Americas.〔Mihulka, S. and P. Pyšek. (2001). (Invasion history of ''Oenothera'' congeners in Europe: a comparative study of spreading rates in the last 200 years. ) ''Journal of Biogeography'' 28(5), 597-609.〕 It is the type genus of the family Onagraceae. Common names include evening primrose, suncups, and sundrops. They are not closely related to the true primroses (genus ''Primula'').
==Description==
The species vary in size from small alpine plants 10 centimeters tall, such as ''O. acaulis'' from Chile, to vigorous lowland species growing to 3 meters, such as ''O. stubbei'' from Mexico. The leaves form a basal rosette at ground level and spiral up to the flowering stems. The blades are dentate or deeply lobed (pinnatifid). The flowers of many species open in the evening, hence the name "evening primrose". They may open in under a minute. Most species have yellow flowers, but some have white, purple, pink, or red. Most native desert species are white. ''Oenothera caespitosa'', a species of western North America, produces white flowers that turn pink with age.〔(Gumbo Lily (''Oenothera caespitosa''). ) Native Wildflowers of the North Dakota Grasslands. USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center.〕
One of the most distinctive features of the flower is the stigma, which has four branches in an X shape.
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