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oidor
''Oidor'' ((:oiˈðor)) is the Spanish name of the member judge of the Royal ''Audiencias'' and ''Chancillerías'', originally courts of Kingdom of Castile, which became the highest organs of justice within the Spanish Empire. The term comes from the verb ''oír'', "to hear," referring to the judge's obligation to listen to the parts of a judicial process, particularly during the phase of pleas.
==Origins==
The Cortes of Alcalá of 1348 asked that King Henry II of Castile publicly hear cases at least once or twice a week along with his advisors, because under medieval Castilian jurisprudence the king was to personally hear all cases that fell under his jurisdiction, but the caseload was becoming too great. The Cortes also asked the King to delegate some of his powers to his advisors, so that they "could judge in his name."〔Alonso Romero, María Paz, "La Monarquía castellana y su proyección institucional (1230-1350)” in ''Historia de España de Ramón Menéndez Pidal: tomo XIII. La expansión peninsular y mediterránea (c. 1212-c. 1350): volumen I. La corona de Castilla'' (2nd edition). (Madrid: Espasa-Calpe 1990), 558. ISBN 978-84-239-4815-4〕 The documents of the Cortes of Alcalá began to refer to these delegates as ''oidores'' and the new institution they formed as the ''audiencia''. This early ''audiencia'' was still closely tied to the king's personal right to judge.〔33rd plea of the "Cuaderno de Peticiónes" of the Cortes of León and Castile.〕 In reviewing the cases before them, ''oidores'' relied on summaries prepared by court lawyers known as ''relatores''.〔Kellogg, Susan. (Law and the Transformation of Aztec Culture, 1500-1700 ). (University of Oklahoma Press, 2005), 10.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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