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ontology
Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations. Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics, ontology deals with questions concerning what entities exist or may be said to exist, and how such entities may be grouped, related within a hierarchy, and subdivided according to similarities and differences. Although ontology as a philosophical enterprise is highly theoretical, it also has practical application in information science and technology, such as ontology engineering.
== Overview ==
In analytic philosophy, ontology deals with the determination whether ''categories of being'' are fundamental and discusses in what sense the items in those categories may be said to "be". It is the inquiry into being ''in so much as'' it is being ("being ''qua'' being"), or into beings insofar as they exist—and not insofar as (for instance) particular facts may be obtained about them or particular properties belong to them.
Some philosophers, notably of the Platonic school, contend that all nouns (including abstract nouns) refer to existent entities. Other philosophers contend that nouns do not always name entities, but that some provide a kind of shorthand for reference to a collection of either objects or events. In this latter view, ''mind'', instead of referring to an entity, refers to a collection of ''mental events'' experienced by a ''person''; ''society'' refers to a collection of ''persons'' with some shared characteristics, and ''geometry'' refers to a collection of a specific kind of intellectual activity. Between these poles of realism and nominalism, stand a variety of other positions; but any ontology must give an account of which words refer to entities, which do not, why, and what categories result.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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