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ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) is a nonproprietary alphanumeric code to uniquely identify scientific and other academic authors.〔Editorial (2009). "Credit where credit is due". ''Nature''. 462: 825. 〕〔(ORCID website )〕〔News (30 May 2012) "Scientists: your number is up: ORCID scheme will give researchers unique identifiers to improve tracking of publications.", Declan Butler, "Nature". 485: 564 〕〔Interview with Alice Meadows, Director of Communications for ORCID (2015). "ORCID – Unique Author Identifier". 'ChemViews magazine''. 〕 This addresses the problem that a particular author's contributions to the scientific literature or publications in the humanities can be hard to recognize as most personal names are not unique, they can change (such as with marriage), have cultural differences in name order, contain inconsistent use of first-name abbreviations and employ different writing systems. It provides a persistent identity for humans, similar to that created for content-related entities on digital networks by digital object identifiers (DOIs).〔(CrossRef & ORCID )〕 The ORCID organization offers an open and independent registry intended to be the ''de facto'' standard for contributor identification in research and academic publishing. On 16 October 2012, ORCID launched its registry services 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://about.orcid.org/news/2012/10/16/orcid-launches-registry )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.surfspace.nl/artikel/936-orcid-vs-isni-orcid-lanceert-vandaag-hun-author-register/ )〕 and started issuing user identifiers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://orcid.org/register )〕 ==Development and launch== ORCID was first organized as the "Open Researcher Contributor Identification Initiative".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://network.nature.com/groups/orcid/forum/topics/6533 )〕 A prototype was developed on software adapted from that used by Thomson Reuters for its ResearcherID system.〔 〕 The registry is now an independent nonprofit organization, ORCID, Inc.,〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=Craig Van Dyck )〕 incorporated in August 2010 in Delaware, United States of America, with an international board of directors. Its executive Director, Laure Haak, was appointed in April 2012. ORCID is freely usable and interoperable with other ID systems.〔 ORCID launched its registry services and started issuing user identifiers on 16 October 2012.〔 Formally, ORCID IDs are specified as URIs,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Trademark and iD Display Guidelines )〕 for example, the ORCID for John Wilbanks is ORCID is a subset of the International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ISNI and ORCID )〕 under the auspices of the International Organization for Standardization (as ISO 27729) and the two organizations are cooperating. ISNI will uniquely identify contributors to books, television programmes, and newspapers, and has reserved a block of identifiers for use by ORCID,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is the relationship between ISNI and ORCID? )〕 in the range 0000-0001-5000-0007 to 0000-0003-5000-0001.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Structure of the ORCID Identifier )〕 It is therefore possible for a person to legitimately have both an ISNI and an ORCID〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ISNI 0000000031979523 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ORCID 0000-0001-5882-6823 )〕 - effectively, two ISNIs. Both ORCID and ISNI use 16-character identifiers,〔 using the digits 0–9, and separated into groups of four by hyphens.〔 The final character, which may also be a letter "X" representing the value "10" (for example, Nick Jennings' ORCID is An ORCID account for a fictitious person, Josiah Carberry, exists as 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「orcid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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