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The oropendolas comprise two or three genera of South and Central American passerine birds in the Icteridae New World blackbird family. All the oropendolas are large birds with pointed bills, and long tails which are always at least partially bright yellow. Males are usually larger than females. The plumage is typically chestnut, dark brown or black, although the Green oropendola and olive oropendola have, as their names imply, an olive coloration to the head, breast and upper back. The legs are dark, but the bill is usually a strikingly contrasting feature, either pale yellow, or red-tipped with a green or black base. In several species there is also a blue or pink bare cheek patch. Oropendolas are birds associated with forests or, for a few species, more open woodland. They are colonial breeders, with several long woven basket nests in a tree, each hanging from the end of a branch. These gregarious birds eat large insects and fruit. They are very vocal, producing a wide range of songs and calls, sometimes including mimicry. ==Systematics== Six of the species in the genus Psarocolius indeed belong there: * Black oropendola, ''Psarocolius guatimozinus'' * Chestnut-headed oropendola, ''Psarocolius wagleri'' * Russet-backed oropendola, ''Psarocolius angustifrons'' * Dusky-green oropendola, ''Psarocolius atrovirens'' * Green oropendola, ''Psarocolius viridis'' * Crested oropendola, ''Psarocolius decumanus'' Four somewhat different species were formerly separated in the genus ''Gymnostinops''. Alternatively, the crested oropendola (and possibly others) would also belong here (Price & Lanyon 2002): * Montezuma oropendola, ''Psarocolius montezuma'' * Baudo oropendola, ''Psarocolius cassini'' * Olive oropendola, ''Psarocolius bifasciatus'' Price & Lanyon (2002) used mtDNA cytochrome ''b'' and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 sequence data to research oropendola phylogeny. As is fairly obvious from morphology, the band-tailed oropendola, ''Ocyalus latirostris'' and casqued oropendola, ''Psarocolius oseryi'' are the most distinct oropendola species. In fact, they appear to be more closely related to the caciques and both species would go into ''Ocyalus''. Alternatively, the casqued oropendola may be separated in ''Clypicterus'', which like ''Ocyalus'' would then be a monotypic genus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「oropendola」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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