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Orphenadrine (sold under the brand names Norflex, Mephenamin, , Banflex, Flexon, Biorphen, Brocasipal, Dolan, Norgesic, OrfenAce, and others) is an anticholinergic drug of the ethanolamine antihistamine class with prominent central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral actions used to treat painful muscle spasms and other similar conditions, as well as the treatment of some aspects of Parkinson's disease. It is closely related to diphenhydramine. Therefore, it is related to other drugs used for Parkinson's, such as benztropine and trihexyphenidyl, and it is also structurally related to nefopam, which is a centrally acting yet nonopioid analgesic. The combination of anticholinergic effects and CNS penetration make orphenadrine useful for pain of all etiologies, including from: radiculopathy, muscles, and headaches. Orphenadrine has about 58% of the anticholinergic potency of atropine at equivalent doses. Orphenadrine is most often used against pain and muscle spasm of various etiologies, including lumbago, sciatica, and injury. It is quite useful against allergic symptoms and other histamine-related effects, such as those from hay fever, other allergies, and histamine release from many opioid analgesics. Where available for prescription compounding, orphenadrine can also be prepared for topical administration and works slightly better than diphenhydramine for this purpose. The orphenadrine salt used for Parkinsonism is the hydrochloride, whereas the muscle relaxant tablet is the citrate. The manufacturers' descriptions of orphenadrine indicate the salts are not interchangeable; one reason may be that the citrate can be irritating when injected. Euphoria is an effect reported by many patients, and orphenadrine has been investigated for use against depression, as first reported in June 1958 in the ''American Journal of Psychiatry''. Like many first-generation antihistamines and chemically similar anticholinergics, orphenadrine can also cause excitement and insomnia, particularly in children and the elderly. Orphenadrine also works on smooth muscle in a manner identical to that of dicyclomine, brand name Bentyl, and will affect irritable bowel syndrome in a similar fashion. == History == This drug was first synthesised in the late 1940s in Europe, and the citrate and hydrochloride were both patented in the United States by Parke-Davis in July 1951. Currently, orphenadrine preparations are made in the United States and Canada by Parke-Davis and other companies including 3M. Known as , orphenadrine HCl was advertised by the Riker company for Parkinsonism, low back pain, and having a useful antidepressant effect, which helps in treating such conditions. http://www.decodog.com/inven/MD/md30554.jpg 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「orphenadrine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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