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orpiment
Orpiment is a deep orange-yellow colored arsenic sulfide mineral with formula As2S3. It is found in volcanic fumaroles, low temperature hydrothermal veins, and hot springs and is formed both by sublimation and as a byproduct of the decay of another arsenic mineral, realgar. It takes its name from the Latin ''auripigmentum'' (''aurum'' − gold + ''pigmentum'' − pigment) because of its deep-yellow color.
== Historical uses ==
Orpiment was traded in the Roman Empire and was used as a medicine in China even though it is very toxic. It has been used as a fly poison and to tip arrows with poison. Because of its striking color, it was of interest to alchemists, both in China and the West, searching for a way to make gold.
For centuries, orpiment was ground down and used as a pigment in painting and for sealing wax. It was one of the few clear, bright-yellow pigments available to artists until the 19th Century. However, its extreme toxicity and incompatibility with other common pigments, including lead and copper-based substances such as verdigris and azurite,〔Fitzhugh, E.W., Orpiment and Realgar, in Artists’ Pigments, A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, Vol 3: E.W. Fitzhugh (Ed.) Oxford University Press 1997, p. 52〕 meant that its use as a pigment ended when cadmium yellows, chromium yellows and organic dye-based colors were introduced during the 19th Century.
Orpiment, as the Latin ''Auripigmentum'', is mentioned by Robert Hooke in ''Micrographia'' for the manufacture of small shot in the 17th century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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