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Osteopathy—as distinct from osteopathic medicine—is a type of alternative medicine that emphasizes the physical manipulation of the body's muscle tissue and bones. Its name derives from Ancient Greek "bone" (ὀστέον) and "disease of" (-πάθεια),〔("osteopathy" ). ''Online Etymology Dictionary''.〕 Osteopathic medicine in the United States differs greatly in scope and approach from osteopathy as practised in Europe and elsewhere. The USA recognises a branch of the medical profession called ''osteopathic physicians'', trained and certified to practice all modern medicine, while in other countries around the world ''osteopaths'' are trained only in manual osteopathic treatment, generally to relieve muscular and skeletal conditions. To avoid confusion the American Osteopathic Association and the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine recommend using the terms ''osteopathic physician'' (U.S.-trained only) and ''osteopathic medicine'' in reference to osteopathic medicine as practised in the United States. There is little evidence that osteopathy is effective in treating any medical condition〔 other than lower back pain. According to the NYU Langone Medical Center, the fundamental reason for the lack of published research on osteopathic treatment is the inability to employ double-blind, placebo-controlled trials when studying osteopathic manipulation, since researchers are unable to blind both the practitioner and the patient.〔 Analysis of peer-reviewed research yields little evidence that osteopathy is effective for non-musculo-skeletal conditions, and limited evidence that osteopathy is an effective treatment for some types of neck pain, shoulder pain, or limb pain.〔 ==History== The practice of osteopathy began in the United States in 1874. The term "osteopathy" was coined by Andrew Taylor Still, MD, DO. Still was a physician and surgeon,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Medical Registration for Macon County, MO as of March 27, 1874,'' Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri )〕 Kansas state and territorial legislator,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Six Survivors of First Free State Legislature in Kansas, Topeka Daily Capital'', Missouri's Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri )〕 a free state leader,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Charles E. Still (son) – Letters to Edith Mellor, DO. Missouri’s Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri )〕 and one of the founders of Baker University,〔Autobiography of A.T. Still, A.T. Still, Kirksville, Missouri, 1908, p. 97-8.〕 who lived near Baldwin City, Kansas at the time of the American Civil War. In Baldwin, he developed the practice of osteopathy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Baldwin City, Kansas )〕 Still named his new school of medicine "osteopathy," reasoning that "the bone, osteon, was the starting point from which () was to ascertain the cause of pathological conditions." Still founded the American School of Osteopathy (now A.T. Still University of the Health Sciences) in Kirksville, Missouri, for the teaching of osteopathy on 10 May 1892. While the state of Missouri granted the right to award the MD degree,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation )〕 he remained dissatisfied with the limitations of conventional medicine and instead chose to retain the distinction of the DO degree.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Osteopathic Virtual Museum )〕 In 1898 the American Institute of Osteopathy started the ''Journal of Osteopathy'' and by that time four states recognized osteopathy as a profession. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「osteopathy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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