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ostiarios
''Ostiarios'' (, from the Latin ''ostiarius'', "doorkeeper, usher") was a Byzantine court dignity reserved for eunuch palace officials.
==History and functions==
The ''Patria of Constantinople'' mention an ''ostiarios'' named Antiochos in the 6th century at the time of Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565), and a 7th-century seal records an ''ostiarios'' and ''koubikoularios'' (servant of the imperial bedchamber).〔.〕〔.〕 As a pure dignity, to be held alongside proper offices, the ''ostiarios'' is first recorded in historical sources for the year 787. By this time, the title seems to have become firmly established as a dignity, although there is still mention of it being an active function, such as in Philotheos's ''Kletorologion'' of 899 of an "imperial ''ostiarios''" performing the duties of an usher.〔.〕
The dignity was an awarded title (δια βραβείου ἀξία, ''dia brabeiou axia''), with a gold band with a jewelled handle as its characteristic insigne, whose award (βραβείον, ''brabeion'') also conferred the dignity. It was the fourth-lowest dignity for eunuchs, above the ''spatharokoubikoularios'' and below the ''primikerios'', and was reserved specifically for them.〔.〕 It was most frequently awarded to mid-level civil functionaries, such as the ''protonotarioi''.〔
The dignity is last mentioned in 1086. Nicolas Oikonomides concludes that it must have disappeared by the end of the 11th century, although another ''ostiarios'' is mentioned in 1174 and some seals have been dated to the 12th and possibly even the 13th century.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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