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oud
The oud (; (アラビア語:عود) ' (:ʕu(ː)d, ʢuːd), plural: '; (アルメニア語:ուդ), Syriac: ', (ギリシア語:ούτι) '; (ヘブライ語:עוּד) '; (ペルシア語:بربط) '; (クルド語:ûd); (トルコ語:ud ''or'' ut);〔(Güncel Türkçe Sözlük'te Söz Arama ) 〕 Azeri: ''ud''; (ソマリ語:''cuud'') or ''kaban'') is a pear-shaped stringed instrument commonly used in Persian, Arabic, Greek, Turkish, Jewish, Byzantine, Azerbaijanian, Armenian, North African (Chaabi, Classical, and Spanish Andalusian), Somali and Middle Eastern music. Construction of the oud is similar to that of the lute. The modern oud and the European lute both descend from a common ancestor via diverging paths. One instrument that has been suggested as ancestral is the Barbat. The oud is readily distinguished from the lute by its lack of frets and smaller neck. Alongside the lute, it is considered an ancestor of the guitar.〔Summerfield, Maurice J. (2003). ''The Classical Guitar, Its Evolution, Players and Personalities Since 1800'' (5th ed.) Blaydon on Tyne: Ashley Mark Publishing. ISBN 1-872639-46-1〕
==Etymology==
The origin of the name ''oud'' (and its etymological cousin, ''lute'') for the musical instrument is uncertain. The (アラビア語:العود) (') literally denotes a thin piece of wood similar to the shape of a straw. It may refer to the wooden plectrum traditionally used for playing the oud, to the thin strips of wood used for the back, or to the wooden soundboard that distinguished it from similar instruments with skin-faced bodies.
Research by Eckhard Neubauer suggests that ''oud'' may simply be an Arabic borrowing from the Persian word ''rōd'' or ''rūd'', which meant string, stringed instrument, or lute.〔Douglas Alton Smith. ''A History of the Lute from Antiquity to the Renaissance''. p. 9. Lute Society of America (LSA), 2002. ISBN 0-9714071-0-X.〕 Eckhart had been cited in articles in the Encyclopædia Iranica.〔(Encyclopedia Iranica, ''MUSIC HISTORY ii. CA. 650 TO 1370 CE'' )〕
Another researcher, archaeomusicologist Richard J. Dumbrill, suggests that ''rud'' came from the Sanskrit ''rudrī'' (stringed instrument) and transferred to Arabic through a semitic language.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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