|
The ovation ((ラテン語:ovatio)) was a form of the Roman triumph. Ovations were granted when war was not declared between enemies on the level of nations or states; when an enemy was considered basely inferior (e.g., slaves, pirates); or when the general conflict was resolved with little or no danger to the army itself. The general celebrating the ovation did not enter the city on a ''biga'', a chariot pulled by two white horses, as generals celebrating triumphs did, but instead walked in the toga praetexta of a magistrate. The honoured general also wore a wreath of myrtle (sacred to Venus) upon his brow, rather than the triumphal wreath of laurel. The Roman Senate did not precede the general, nor did soldiers usually participate in the procession. Perhaps the most famous ovation in history is that which Marcus Licinius Crassus celebrated after his victory of the Third Servile War. ==Ovation holders== Republic There were 23 known ovations during the Republic.〔G. Rohde. ''Ovatio'', RE XVIII, 1939, p. 1890-1903〕 * 503 BC – Publius Postumius Tubertus (over Sabins)〔Pliny the Elder, '' Naturalis Historia'' (15:38 )〕 * 487 BC – Gaius Aquillius Tuscus〔T. Robert S. Broughton. ''The magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (pp. 19-20 )〕 * 474 BC – Gnaeus Manlius Vulso〔 (Fasti Triumphales )〕 * 462 BC – T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus〔 * 421 BC – Cn. Fabius Vibulanus〔T. Robert S. Broughton. ''The magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (pp. 69-70 )〕 * 410 BC – C. Valerius Potitus Volusus〔T. Robert S. Broughton. ''The magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (p. 77 )〕 * 390 BC – Marcus Manlius〔T. Robert S. Broughton. ''The magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (p. 92 )〕 * 360 BC – Marcus Fabius Ambustus〔 * 290 or 289 BC – M. Curius Dentatus〔T. Robert S. Broughton. ''The magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (pp. 183-184 )〕 * 211 BC – M. Claudius Marcellus〔T. Robert S. Broughton. ''The magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (pp. 273-274 )〕 * 207 BC – Gaius Claudius Nero〔T. Robert S. Broughton. ''The magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (p. 294 )〕 * 200 BC – Lucius Cornelius Lentulus〔T. Robert S. Broughton. ''The magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (p. 324 )〕 * 196 BC – Cn. Cornelius Blasius〔 * 195 BC – M. Helvius〔 * 191 BC – Marcus Fulvius Nobilior〔 * 185 BC – L. Manlius Acidinus Fulvianus〔T. Robert S. Broughton. ''The magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (p. 373 )〕 * 182 BC – A. Terentius Varro〔T. Robert S. Broughton. ''The magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (p. 383 )〕 * 174 BC – Ap. Claudius Centho〔 * 132 BC – M. Perperna〔Florus, ''Epitome of Roman History'', book 2:7-8〕 * 99 BC – M. Aquilius〔T. Robert S. Broughton. ( ''The magistrates of the Roman Republic'', p. 3 )〕 * 71 BC – M. Licinius Crassus〔Plutarch, ''The Life of Crassus'' (11:8 )〕 * 44 BC – Julius Caesar〔 * 40 BC – Augustus〔 * 40 BC – Marcus Antonius〔 * 36 BC – Augustus〔 Principate * 11 BC – Nero Claudius Drusus〔Lendering, Jona, ''(Arch of Drusus )''〕 * 9 BC (approved in 11 BC) – Tiberius〔Suetonius, ''The Life of Tiberius'' (9 )〕 * 20 – Drusus Julius Caesar〔Alan K. Bowman, Edward Champlin, Andrew Lintott. ''The Cambridge Ancient History: The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C. – A.D. 69'', p. 554〕 * 40 – Caligula〔Suetonius, ''The Life of Caligula'' (49 )〕 * 47 – Aulus Plautius 〔Tacitus, "Annales" (xiii.32)〕 * 55 – Nero〔Alan K. Bowman, Edward Champlin, Andrew Lintott. ''The Cambridge Ancient History: The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C. – A.D. 69'', p. 224〕 * 93 – Domitian〔John Donahue, ''(Titus Flavius Domitianus (A.D. 81-96) )''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ovation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|