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overdetermination
Overdetermination occurs when multiple causes determine a single-observed effect at once. Any one of which alone might be enough to account for ("determine") the effect. That is, there are more causes present than are necessary to cause the effect. In the philosophy of science, this means that more evidence is available than is necessary to justify a conclusion. Overdetermination is in contrast to underdetermination, when the number or strength of causes is insufficient.
The term "overdetermination" ((ドイツ語:Überdeterminierung)) was also used by Sigmund Freud as a key concept in his psychoanalysis.
==Freud and psychoanalysis==
Freud wrote in ''The Interpretation of Dreams'' that many features of dreams were usually "overdetermined," in that they were caused by multiple factors in the life of the dreamer, from the "residue of the day" (superficial memories of recent life) to deeply repressed traumas and unconscious wishes, these being "potent thoughts". Freud favored interpretations which accounted for such features not only once, but many times, in the context of various levels and complexes of the dreamer's psyche.
The concept was later borrowed for a variety of other realms of thought.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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