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An oxygenase is any enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by transferring the oxygen from molecular oxygen O2 (as in air) to it. The oxygenases form a class of oxidoreductases; their EC number is EC 1.13 or EC 1.14. Oxygenases were discovered in 1955 simultaneously by two groups, Osamu Hayaishi from Japan〔Hayaishi et al. (1955) Mechanism of the pyrocatechase reaction, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 5450-5451〕 and Howard S. Mason from the US.〔Mason HS, Fowlks WK, and Peterson E. (1955) Oxygen transfer and electron transport by the phenolase complex. J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 77(10) pp 2914 - 2915〕 Hayaishi was awarded the 1986 Wolf Prize in Medicine "for the discovery of the oxygenase enzymes and elucidation of their structure and biological importance."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=495&language=eng )〕 There are two types of oxygenases: *Monooxygenases, or mixed function oxidase, transfer one oxygen atom to the substrate, and reduce the other oxygen atom to water. *Dioxygenases, or oxygen transferases, incorporate both atoms of molecular oxygen (O2) into the product(s) of the reaction. Among the most important monooxygenases are the cytochrome P450 oxidases, responsible for breaking down numerous chemicals in the body. ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「oxygenase」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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