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oystercatcher
The oystercatchers are a group of waders forming the family Haematopodidae, which has a single genus, ''Haematopus''. They are found on coasts worldwide apart from the polar regions and some tropical regions of Africa and South East Asia. The exception to this is the Eurasian oystercatcher and the South Island oystercatcher, both of which breed inland, far inland in some cases. In the past there has been a great deal of confusion as to the species limits, with discrete populations of all black oystercatchers being afforded specific status but pied oystercatchers being considered one single species.〔Hockey, P (1996) Family Haematopodidae (Oystercatchers) ''in'' del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (1996). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks''. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-20-2〕
The name ''oystercatcher'' was coined by Mark Catesby in 1731 as a common name for the North American species ''H. palliatus'', described as eating oysters. Yarrell in 1843 established this as the preferred term, replacing the older name ''sea pie''.〔
==Description==
The different species of oystercatcher show little variation in shape or appearance. They range from in length and in wingspan. The Eurasian oystercatcher is the lightest on average, at , while the sooty oystercatcher is the heaviest, at . The plumage of all species is either all-black, or black (or dark brown) on top and white underneath. The variable oystercatcher is slightly exceptional in being either all-black or pied. They are large, obvious, and noisy plover-like birds, with massive long orange or red bills used for smashing or prying open molluscs. The bill shape varies between species, according to the diet. Those birds with blade-like bill tips pry open or smash mollusc shells, and those with pointed bill tips tend to probe for annelid worms. They show sexual dimorphism, with females being longer-billed and heavier than males.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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