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pakhavaj
The pakhawaja (Hindi: पखावज) or mridang is an Indian barrel-shaped, two-headed drum, a variant and descendant of the older mridang.
It is the standard percussion instrument in the dhrupad style and is widely used as an accompaniment for various forms of music and dance performances. The pakhavaja has a low, mellow tone, very rich in harmonics. Set horizontally on a cushion in front of the drummer's crossed leg, the larger bass-skin is played with the left hand, the treble skin by the right hand. The bass face is smeared with wet wheat dough which acts as the ''kiran'' and is the cause of the vivid, bass sound the pakhavaja produces.
==Etymology==
The word ' or ' is of Prakrit origin, whose Sanskrit equivalent is . This instrument is always known as ''pakhavaj'' and not ''pakshavadya''. This word is derived from the words ("a side"), and '' ("a musical instrument"), it is said that, during the 14th century, the great mridangists experimented with the materials used in mridang construction, and finally started using wood for the main body as opposed to the original clay. Thus, a new name pakhawaj emerged, whilst the older name, mridang was still used.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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