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The paladins, sometimes known as the Twelve Peers, were the foremost warriors of Charlemagne's court, according to the literary cycle known as the Matter of France.〔("Paladin" ). From the ''Oxford English Dictionary''. Retrieved November 23, 2008.〕 They first appear in the early ''chansons de geste'' such as ''The Song of Roland'', where they represent Christian valor against the Saracen hordes inside Europe. The paladins and their associated exploits are largely later fictional inventions, with some basis in historical Frankish retainers of the 8th century and events such as the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in 778 and the confrontation of the Frankish Empire with Umayyad Al-Andalus in the ''Marca Hispanica''. ==Etymology== The earliest recorded instance of the word ''paladin'' in the English language dates to 1592, in ''Delia'' (Sonnet XLVI) by Samuel Daniel.〔 It entered English through the Middle French word ''paladin'', which itself derived from the Latin ''palatinus''.〔 All these words for Charlemagne's Twelve Peers descend ultimately from the Latin ''palatinus,'' most likely through the Old French ''palatin''.〔 The Latin ''palatinus'' referred to an official of the Roman Emperor connected to the imperial palace on the Palatine Hill. Over time this word came to refer to other high-level officials in the imperial, majestic and royal courts.〔("Palatine" ). From the ''Oxford English Dictionary''. Retrieved November 23, 2008.〕 The word palatine, used in various European countries in the medieval and modern eras, has the same derivation.〔 By the 13th century words referring specifically to Charlemagne's peers began appearing in European languages; the earliest is the Italian ''paladino''.〔 Modern French has ''paladin'', Spanish has ''paladín'' or ''paladino'' (reflecting alternate derivations from the French and Italian), while German has ''Paladin''.〔 By extension "paladin" has come to refer to any chivalrous hero such as King Arthur's Knights of the Round Table.〔 Paladin was also used to refer to the leaders of armies supporting the Protestant Frederick V in the Thirty Years War ending in 1648.〔Wilson, Peter H. ''The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy'', Harvard University Press, 2009〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「paladin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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