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A pancake is a flat cake, often thin, and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may also contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often with oil or butter. In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened, and resemble a crêpe. In North America, a raising agent is used (typically baking powder). The American pancake is similar to a Scotch pancake or drop scone. Commercially prepared pancake mixes are produced in some countries. They may be served at any time with a variety of toppings or fillings including jam, fruit, syrup, chocolate chips, or meat. In America, they are typically considered to be a breakfast food. In Britain and the Commonwealth, they are associated with Shrove Tuesday, commonly known as Pancake Day, when perishable ingredients had to be used up before the fasting period of Lent began. Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes are probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.〔Jones, M. Feast; ''Why Humans Share Food'', Oxford University Press, 2007〕 The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide. A crêpe is a thin Breton pancake cooked on one or both sides in a special pan or crepe maker to achieve a lacelike network of fine bubbles. A well-known variation originating in Southeast Europe is Palačinke, a thin moist pancake fried on both sides and filled with jam, cheese cream, chocolate, or ground walnuts, but many other fillings, both sweet or savoury, can also be used. ==History== The Ancient Greeks made pancakes called τηγανίτης (''tēganitēs''), ταγηνίτης (''tagēnitēs'')〔(ταγηνίτης ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 or ταγηνίας (''tagēnias''),〔(ταγηνίας ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 all words deriving from τάγηνον (''tagēnon''), "frying pan".〔(τάγηνον ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 The earliest attested references on ''tagenias'' are in the works of the 5th century BC poets Cratinus〔Cratinus, (125 ), Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta〕 and Magnes.〔Magnes, 1〕 Tagenites were made with wheat flour, olive oil, honey, and curdled milk, and were served for breakfast.〔Eugenia Salza Prina Ricotti, (''Meals and recipes from ancient Greece'' ), J. Paul Getty Museum, 2007, p. 111〕〔Dalby, Andrew (1996) ''Siren feasts: a history of food and gastronomy in Greece'', Routledge, p. 91〕〔Spiller, Gene A. (1991) (''The Mediterranean diets in health and disease'' ), AVI/Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991, p. 34〕 Another kind of pancake was σταιτίτης (''staititēs''), from σταίτινος (''staitinos''), "of flour or dough of spelt",〔(σταίτινος ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 derived from σταῖς (''stais''), "flour of spelt".〔(σταῖς ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 Athenaeus mentions, in his Deipnosophistae, ''staititas'' topped with honey, sesame, and cheese.〔Atheneaus (2003), (The Deipnosophists, 646b ), on Perseus〕〔Andrew Dalby, (''Food in the ancient world from A to Z'' ), Routledge, p. 71〕〔Athenaeus and Olson, S. Douglas (2011) ''The Learned Banqueters, Volume VII: Books 13.594b-14'', Loeb Classical Library, pp. 277-278〕 The Middle English word ''Pancake'' appears in English in the 15th century.〔(Pancake ) - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary〕〔(Pancake ). Online Etymology Dictionary〕 The Ancient Romans called their fried concoctions "alia dulcia," which was Latin for "other sweets". These were much different from what are known as pancakes today.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Food Timeline--history notes: muffins to yogurt )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「pancake」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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