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refers to a brief glimpse of a woman's underwear. The term carries risqué connotations similar to the word 'upskirt' in English usage. The word is a portmanteau of and ''chira'', the Japanese sound symbolism representing a glance or glimpse. It differs from the more general term "upskirt" in that ''pan''chira specifies the presence of underpants (the absence of which would more accurately be described as ノーパン; nōpan). In anime and manga, ''panchira'' usually refers to a panty-shot, a visual convention used extensively by Japanese artists and animators since the early sixties. According to Japanese sources, the convention probably started with Machiko Hasegawa's popular comic strip Sazae-san, whose character designs for Wakame Isono incorporated an improbably brief hemline.〔Akihara, Koji, and Takekuma, Kentaro. ''Even a Monkey Can Draw Manga.'' VIZ Media LLC; 1st edition, 2002.〕 The practice was later transferred to animation when Osamu Tezuka's ''Astro Boy'' was adapted for television in 1963. Confined mainly to harmless children's series throughout the remainder of the decade, panchira took on more overtly fetishistic elements during the early seventies.〔Koji and Takekuma, ''Even a Monkey Can Draw Manga.''〕 From that point on, ''panchira'' became linked with sexual humor such as the kind found in many comedy oriented shōnen manga.〔Millegan, Kris. "Sex in Manga", ''Comics Journal,'' 1999.〕 The word Panchira is similar to panty peek in English. In some Spanish-speaking countries, Fotografiando is sometimes used to let a woman know she is showing someone her underwear (as in ''¡Estás fotografiando!''-''You are photographing''!) ==Origins== Traditionally, Japanese women did not wear underwear. On December 16, 1932, there was a fire in the Tokyo Shirokiya department store. Legend has it that some of the female staff tried to use their kimonos to cover their privates as they climbed down ropes from the higher floors, and accidentally fell to their deaths. Japanese newspapers began agitating for women to start wearing 'drawers' (ズローズ suroozu), but seemingly had little impact at the time. In a 1934 survey by a Fukuoka newspaper, 90% of the women surveyed were still not wearing 'drawers' a year and a half after the fire.〔井上章一 「1 白木屋ズロース伝説は、こうしてつくられた」『パンツが見える。 羞恥心の現代史』 朝日新聞社、2002年5月25日、3-43頁。ISBN 402259800X。〕 As noted below, the development of panchira in Japanese popular culture has been analyzed by a number of American and Japanese writers. Many observers link the phenomenon to the Westernization of Japan following World War II.〔Botting, Geoff et al. ''Tabloid Tokyo: 101 Tales of Sex, Crime and the Bizarre from Japan's Wild Weeklies.'' Kodansha Inc (2005) p. 16. It should be noted, however, that Botting also confirms that a "lingerie subculture" had been established during the early Showa era. Largely based around fetishistic photography, this early variant was considered socially unacceptable due the return to traditional Japanese values that took place throughout the 1930s. Strong anti-Western sentiment hastened the subculture's disappearance during the interwar period, as anything suggestive of Western sexual attitudes was regarded as degenerate.〕 During the occupation, fashions, ideas, and media previously unavailable were accessed by the local population, leading to a slight relaxing of earlier taboos. Western-style clothing (including women's underwear) gained popularity in the post-war period, reinforced through numerous media outlets — magazines, newspapers, films, journals, and comics. At least one Japanese source traces the beginnings of panchira to the release of ''The Seven Year Itch'' in 1955.〔Shōichi, Inoue. パンツが見える。: 羞恥心の現代史 ("The Underpants are visible: the history of being ashamed"). Asahi shimbun, 2002.〕 The media coverage surrounding Marilyn Monroe's iconic scene fueled the emerging Japanese craze. According to architectural historian Shoichi Inoue, the practice of "scoring" a glimpse up young women's skirts became extremely popular around this period; "Magazines of the time have articles telling the best places where panties could be viewed".〔Botting et al, p. 16.〕 Inoue also writes that actress Mitsuyo Asaka spurred the popularity of the word 'chirarizumu' (チラリズム 'the thrill of catching a brief glimpse of a women's nether regions') by parting her kimono to show off her legs in her stage shows in the late 1950s.〔井上章一. 2004. 性の用語集. 講談社現代新書. ISBN 978-4061497627〕 In 1969, the Japanese oil company Maruzen Sekiyuu released a television commercial featuring Rooza Ogawa in a short mini-skirt that gets blown up by the wind with her forming her lips into an 'O' in surprise. This led to children imitating her line "Oh Mouretsu" (Oh！モーレツ, too much, radical), and a fad for skaato-mekuri (スカート捲り flipping up of a girl's skirt).〔『近代映画』1969年12月号、近代映画社、 96頁。〕 Ogawa subsequently appeared in a TV show ''Oh Sore Miyo'' (Oh! それ見よ, literally "look at that," but actually a pun on 'O Sole Mio,' a neapolitan song 'my sunshine') that again featured scenes of her mini-skirt blowing up. By the late 1960s, panchira had spread to the mainstream comic industry, as fledgling manga artists such as Go Nagai began exploring sexual imagery in boys' comics (shōnen manga).〔Millegan, Kris. "Sex in Manga", "Comics Journal", 1999.〕 Adult manga magazines had existed since 1956 (e.g. ''Weekly Manga Times''), but it is significant to note the introduction of sexual imagery into boys manga. Millegan argues that the ecchi genre of the 1970s rose to fill a void left by the decline of Osaka's lending library network:〔Millegan, "Sex in Manga".〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「panchira」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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