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pandeiro
The Pandeiro ((:pɐ̃ˈdejɾu)) is a type of hand frame drum popular in Brazil, and which has been described as an unofficial instrument of that nation. The drumhead is tunable, and the rim holds metal jingles (''platinelas''), which are cupped creating a crisper, drier and less sustained tone on the pandeiro than on the tambourine. It is held in one hand, and struck on the head by the other hand to produce the sound. Typical pandeiro patterns are played by alternating the thumb, fingertips, heel, and palm of the hand. A Pandeiro can also be shaken to make sound, or one can run a finger along the head to produce a roll.
The Pandeiro is used in a number of Brazilian music forms, such as samba, choro, coco, and capoeira music. The Brazilian Pandeiro derives from the pandeireta or pandereta of Spain and Portugal.
==Medieval instrument==
The term ''Pandeiro'' was previously used to describe a square double-skinned frame drum, often with a bell inside; such an instrument is now known by the term ''adufe'' in Spain and Portugal. It is derived from an earlier Arabic or Moorish instrument still found in North Africa.〔http://rhythmweb.com/frame/galicia.htm〕 The term ''pandeiro'' (''pandero'' in Asturian) is still used in parts of Galicia and Portugal to describe the square-shaped drum, while the round drum with jingles is known as ''Pandeira'' in Galicia.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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