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A panfish, also spelled pan-fish or pan fish, is an edible game fish that usually doesn't outgrow the size of a frying pan. The term is also commonly used by anglers to refer to any small catch that will fit in a pan, but is large enough to be legal. However its definition and usage varies with geographical region.〔New Mexico Game and Fish. "Warm Water Species: Panfish" http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/recreation/fishing/warm_water_species/Panfish.htm (accessed June 3, 2007).〕 According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term was first recorded in 1796 in ''American Cookery'', the first known cookbook written by an American.〔(panfish, n. ) Oxford English Dictionary Third edition, March 2005; online version September 2011. Accessed 29 October 2011. An entry for this word was first included in New English Dictionary, 1904.〕 ==Usage== The term panfish or pan-fish has been used to refer to a wide range of edible freshwater and saltwater fish species that are small enough to cook in a small pan. In ''American Food and Game Fishes. A Popular Account of All The Species Found In America North Of The Equator, With Keys For Ready Identification, Life Histories And Methods of Capture'' – Jordan and Evermann (1908) they identify all the following as ''panfish'' in some form or another: Yellow Perch, Candlefish, Balaos, Sand Launces, Rock Bass, Bullheads, Minnows, Rocky Mountain Whitefish, Sand Rollers, Crappie, Yellow Bass, White Bass, Croaker and of course most of the common small sunfishes such as bluegill and redear sunfish. Here’s but one example:
The following is a typical example of the term as it was commonly used in cooking taken from ''The White House Cookbook'' compiled by Hugo Ziemann, chief kitchen steward in the White House in 1901:
In most of today’s angling literature members of the freshwater family ''Centrarchidae'' (also called sunfishes) are the target species most likely to be called panfish. They include: * ''Lepomis'', including * * Bluegill (''Lepomis macrochirus'') * * Green sunfish (''Lepomis cyanellus'') * * Redear sunfish (''Lepomis microlophus'') * * Redbreast sunfish (''Lepomis auritus'') * * Spotted sunfish (''Lepomis punctatus'') * * Pumpkinseed (''Lepomis gibbosus'') * * Warmouth (''Chaenobryttus gulosus'') * ''Crappie'', including * * White crappie (''Pomoxis annularis'') * * Black crappie (''Pomoxis nigromaculatus'') * ''Centrarchus'' * * Flier (''Centrarchus macropterus'') The term panfish may also be used for members of ''Percidae'' families, such as: * ''Perch'', including * * European perch (''Perca fluviatilis'') * * Yellow perch (''Perca flavescens'') * * Balkhash perch (''Perca schrenkii'') * ''Gymnocephalus'' * * Ruffe (''Gymnocephalus cernua'') The term panfish may also be used for members of other families, such as: * ''Cutlips minnow'' (''Exoglossum maxillingua'') * ''European bullhead'' (''Cottus gobio'') * ''Dark sleeper'' (''Odontobutis obscura'') * ''Three-lips'' (''Opsariichthys uncirostris'') 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「panfish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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