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A paronychia (; (ギリシア語:παρωνυχία) from ''para'', "around" and ''onukh-'', "nail") is a nail disease that is an often-tender bacterial or fungal infection of the hand or foot where the nail and skin meet at the side or the base of a finger or toenail. The infection can start suddenly (acute paronychia) or gradually (chronic paronychia). Paronychia is commonly misapplied as a synonym for whitlow or felon. == Types == Paronychia may be divided as follows: * ''Acute paronychia'' is an infection of the folds of tissue surrounding the nail of a finger or, less commonly, a toe, lasting less than six weeks.〔 The infection generally starts in the paronychium at the side of the nail, with local redness, swelling, and pain. Acute paronychia is usually caused by direct or indirect trauma to the cuticle or nail fold, and may be from relatively minor events, such as dishwashing, an injury from a splinter or thorn, nail biting, biting or picking at a hangnail, finger sucking, an ingrown nail, or manicure procedures. When no pus is present, warm soaks for acute paronychia is reasonable, even though there is a lack of evidence to support its use. Antibiotics such as clindamycin or cephalexin are also often used, the first being more effective in areas where MRSA is common.〔 If there are signs of an abscess (the presence of pus) drainage is recommended.〔 * ''Chronic paronychia'' is an infection of the folds of tissue surrounding the nail of a finger or, less commonly, a toe, lasting more than six weeks.〔 It is a nail disease prevalent in individuals whose hands or feet are subject to moist local environments, and is often due to contact dermatitis.〔 In chronic paronychia, the cuticle separates from the nail plate, leaving the region between the proximal nail fold and the nail plate vulnerable to infection. It can be the result of dish washing, finger sucking, aggressively trimming the cuticles, or frequent contact with chemicals (mild alkalis, acids, etc.). Chronic paronychia is treated by avoiding whatever is causing it, a topical antifungal, and a topical steroid. In those who do not improve following these measures oral antifungals and steroids may be used or the nail fold may be removed surgically.〔 Alternatively, paronychia may be divided as follows:〔 * ''Candidal paronychia'' is an inflammation of the nail fold produced by Candida albicans.〔 * ''Pyogenic paronychia'' is an inflammation of the folds of skin surrounding the nail caused by bacteria.〔 Generally acute paronychia is a pyogenic paronychia as it is usually caused by a bacterial infection.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「paronychia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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