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paternalism
Paternalism (or parentalism) is behavior, by a person, organization or state, which limits some person or group's liberty or autonomy for what is presumed to be that person's or group's own good.〔Dworkin, Gerald, "Paternalism", ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2010 Edition)'', Edward N. Zalta (ed.)〕 Paternalism can also imply that the behavior is against or regardless of the will of a person, or also that the behavior expresses an attitude of superiority.〔Shiffrin, Seana. 2000. Paternalism, Unconscionability Doctrine, and Accommodation. ''Philosophy and Public Affairs'' 29(3): 205-250.〕
The word paternalism is from the Greek ''pater'' (πάτηρ, πατέρας) for father, though paternalism should be distinguished from patriarchy. Some, such as John Stuart Mill, think paternalism to be appropriate towards children: "It is, perhaps, hardly necessary to say that this doctrine is meant to apply only to human beings in the maturity of their faculties. We are not speaking of children, or of young persons below the age which the law may fix as that of manhood or womanhood."〔Mill, J.S. ()/(1991) "On Liberty", published in Gray, John (ed), ''John Stuart Mill: On Liberty and Other Essays'', Oxford: Oxford University Press〕 Paternalism towards adults is sometimes thought to treat them as if they were children.〔Feinberg, Joel. 1986. ''Harm to Self''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. P. 4〕
==Examples==
Examples of paternalism include laws requiring the use of motorcycle helmets, laws punishing citizens for not obtaining their driving license in time (see driving licence in Belgium), a parent forbidding their children to engage in dangerous activities, and a psychiatrist confiscating sharp objects from someone who is suicidally depressed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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