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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen ((ギリシア語:πάθος) ''pathos'' “suffering, passion” and -γενής ''-genēs'' “producer of”) in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease, a term which came into use in the 1880s.〔 Typically the term is used to describe an infectious agent such as a virus, bacterium, prion, fungus, viroid, or parasite that causes disease in its host. The host may be an animal, a plant, a fungus, or even another micro-organism.〔http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=MetaPathogen - about various types of pathogenic organisms )〕
There are several substrates including ''pathways'' where the pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil contamination has the longest or most persistent potential for harboring a pathogen. Diseases caused by organisms in humans are known as pathogenic diseases.
== Pathogenicity ==
Pathogenicity is the potential disease-causing capacity of pathogens. Pathogenicity is related to virulence in meaning, but some authorities have come to distinguish it as a ''qualitative'' term, whereas the latter is ''quantitative''. By this standard, an organism may be said to be pathogenic or non-pathogenic in a particular context, but not "more pathogenic" than another. Such comparisons are described instead in terms of relative virulence. Pathogenicity is also distinct from the transmissibility of the virus, which quantifies the risk of infection.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1.2. Definitions: pathogenicity vs virulence; incidence vs prevalence )〕
A pathogen is may be described in terms of its ability to produce toxins, enter tissue, colonize, hijack nutrients, and its ability to immunosuppress the host.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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