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patriarch
Originally, a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is termed patriarchy.
The word is derived from Greek πατριάρχης (''patriarchēs''),〔(πατριάρχης ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 meaning "chief or father of a family",〔 a compound of πατριά (''patria''),〔(πατριά ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 meaning "family", and ἄρχειν (''archein''),〔(ἄρχω ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 meaning "to rule"〔(Online Etymological Dictionary: "patriarch" )〕〔(Merriam-Webster: "patriarch" )〕〔(American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: "patriarch" )〕〔(Oxford Dictionaries: "patriarch" )〕
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are referred to as the three patriarchs of the people of Israel, and the period during which they lived is termed the Patriarchal Age. The word ''patriarch'' originally acquired its religious meaning in the Septuagint version of the Bible.
Today, the word has acquired specific ecclesiastical meanings. In particular, the highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), and the Church of the East are termed ''patriarchs'' (and in certain cases also ''popes''). The office and the ecclesiastical circumscription of such a patriarch is termed a ''patriarchate''. Historically, a patriarch has often been the logical choice to act as ethnarch of the community identified with his religious confession within a state or empire of a different creed (such as Christians within the Ottoman Empire).
==Catholic Church==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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