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patriarchy
Patriarchy is a social system in which males hold primary power, predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property; in the domain of the family, fathers or father-figures hold authority over women and children. Many patriarchal societies are also patrilineal, meaning that property and title are inherited by the male lineage. The female alternative is matriarchy.
Historically, patriarchy has manifested itself in the social, legal, political, and economic organization of a range of different cultures. Analysis of patriarchy and its effects is a major topic within the social sciences and humanities.
==Etymology and usage==
Patriarchy literally means "the rule of the father" and comes from the Greek πατριάρχης (''patriarkhēs''), "father of a race" or "chief of a race, patriarch",〔(πατριάρχης ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕〔(patriarchy ), on Oxford Dictionaries〕 which is a compound of πατριά (''patria''), "lineage, descent"〔(πατριά ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 (from πατήρ ''patēr'', "father") and ἄρχω (''arkhō''), "I rule".〔(ἄρχω ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕
Historically, the term patriarchy was used to refer to autocratic rule by the male head of a family. However, in modern times, it more generally refers to social systems in which power is primarily held by adult men.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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