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peal
In campanology (bell ringing), a peal is the name given to a specific type of performance of change ringing. The precise definition of a peal has changed considerably over the years. Currently, for a performance to be recognised as a peal by the Central Council for Church Bell Ringers it must consist of sufficient changes (at least 5040 changes on up to seven working bells or 5000 changes on higher numbers), meet a number of other criteria (collectively referred to as the ''decisions''), and be published in ''The Ringing World''. On typical tower bells a peal takes around three hours to ring; the precise length depends on factors including the exact number of changes and the weight of the bells.
Originally a peal referred to a set sequence of changes of any length, now more often referred to as a ''touch''. The original meaning is still in use today in call-change ringing. The most famous and frequently rung call change peal, associated with the (Devon Association of ringers ), is named 60 on 3rds. Related to this meaning is the practice of raising or lowering in peal, that is making the bells ready for change ringing by gradually increasing their swing until each bell is turning through a full circle, and then once ringing has finished returning them to their safe resting position by gradually reducing the amount of swing. A set of bells is sometimes called a peal of bells, but ringers usually prefer the name a ring of bells.
Quarter peals are also commonly rung. These generally meet most of the rules for a peal, but need be only a quarter the length (i.e. at least 1260 or 1250 changes, depending on the number of bells).
==Raising and lowering in peal==
Raising in peal refers to the process where a band of ringers increase the swing of a set of tower bells from rest to a full circle ringing position while keeping them ringing in the same order. The opposite process is lowering in peal, where the swing of the bells is gradually checked until they are at rest, again keeping the bells ringing in order throughout.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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