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pemmican
Pemmican is a concentrated mixture of fat and protein used as a nutritious food. The word comes from the Cree word ''pimîhkân'', which itself is derived from the word ''pimî'', "fat, grease".〔Sinclair, J.M. (ed) ''English Dictionary'' Harper Collins: 2001.〕 It was invented by the native peoples of North America. It was widely adopted as a high-energy food by Europeans involved in the fur trade and later by Arctic and Antarctic explorers, such as Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, Robert Falcon Scott and Roald Amundsen.
The specific ingredients used were usually whatever was available; the meat was often bison, moose, elk, or deer. Fruits such as cranberries and saskatoon berries were sometimes added. Cherries, currants, chokeberries and blueberries were also used, but almost exclusively in ceremonial and wedding pemmican.
==Traditional preparation==
Traditionally, pemmican was prepared from the lean meat of large game such as buffalo, moose, elk or deer. The meat was cut in thin slices and dried over a slow fire, or in the hot sun until it was hard and brittle. About five pounds of meat are required to make one pound of dried meat suitable for pemmican. Then it was pounded into very small pieces, almost powder-like in consistency, using stones. The pounded meat was mixed with melted fat in an approximate 1:1 ratio.〔Angier, Bradford ''How to Stay Alive in the Woods'' (originally published as ''Living off the Country'' 1956) ISBN 978-1-57912-221-8 Black Dog & Levanthal Publishers, Inc. Page 107〕 In some cases, dried fruits, such as saskatoon berries, cranberries, blueberries, or choke cherries, were pounded into powder and then added to the meat/fat mixture. The resulting mixture was then packed into rawhide bags for storage.
A bag of buffalo pemmican weighing about was called a ''taureau'' (French for "bull") by the Métis of Red River. These bags of ''taureaux'' (lit. ‘bulls’) when mixed with fat from the udder were known as ''taureaux fins'', when mixed with bone marrow as ''taureaux grand'' and when mixed with berries as ''taureaux à grains''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url =http://www.scribd.com/doc/55888732/Pemmican )〕 It generally took the meat of one buffalo to fill a ''taureau''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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