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penny
A penny is a coin (pl. pennies) or a unit of currency (pl. pence) used in several English-speaking countries. It is usually the smallest denomination within a currency system. In a number of countries, including the United States, the name penny has survived in popular use for a one cent coin in decimal systems. Due to their already low value and erosion of purchasing power due to decades of inflation, minting of pennies (or "one-cent coins") ceased in Canada in 2012.
Historically, the silver penny of the Anglo-Saxons and medieval England was the main coin in normal use, and reasonably valuable - they were often cut up into halves and quarters. The British penny remained a silver coin until 1797. The British farthing, worth a quarter of a penny, survived until 1956, and the halfpenny was minted until 1967.
==Etymology==
Old English versions of the word penny are ''penig'', ''pening'', ''penning'' and ''pending''; the word appears in German as ''Pfennig,'' in Dutch and Swedish as ''penning'' (often shortened to ''peng'') and in West Frisian as ''peinje'' or ''penje''. In Icelandic, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish and Faroese, the most common words for "money" are "Peningar, ''pengar'', ''penger'', ''penge'' and ''peningur'' respectively. These words are thought by some to have a common root with the English word "pawn", German ドイツ語:''Pfand'', and Dutch , words which mean "a pledge or token". In the case of the Icelandic names for money, it is written in multiple ways depending on the context and inflection. For example: Pening, Peningur, Peningar, Peninga, Peninganir.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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