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peony
The peony is a flowering plant in the genus ''Paeonia'', the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae. They are native to Asia, Southern Europe and Western North America. Boundaries between species are not clear and estimates of the number of species range from 25 〔Josef J. Halda and James W. Waddick. 2004. ''The genus Paeonia''. Timber Press: Oregon, USA.〕 to 40.〔Michio Tamura. 2007. "Paeoniaceae". pages 265-269. In: Klaus Kubitski (editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume IX. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany.〕
Most are herbaceous perennial plants tall, but some resemble trees tall. They have compound, deeply lobed leaves and large, often fragrant, flowers, ranging from red to white or yellow, in late spring and early summer.
==Name==
The peony is named after Paeon (also spelled Paean), a student of Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine and healing. Asclepius became jealous of his pupil; Zeus saved Paeon from the wrath of Asclepius by turning him into the peony flower.〔(Flowers in Greek Mythology ), VALENTINE floral creations. Accessed 23 June 2008.〕
The family name "Paeoniaceae" was first used by Friedrich K.L. Rudolphi in 1830, following a suggestion by Friedrich Gottlieb Bartling that same year.〔 The family had been given other names a few years earlier.〔James L. Reveal. 2008 onward. "A Checklist of Family and Suprafamilial Names for Extant Vascular Plants." At: Home page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome. (see ''External links'' below).〕 The composition of the family has varied, but it has always consisted of ''Paeonia'' and one or more genera that are now placed in Ranunculales.〔 It has been widely believed that ''Paeonia'' is closest to ''Glaucidium'', and this idea has been followed in some recent works.〔〔David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book''.Cambridge University Press: UK.〕 Molecular phylogenetic studies, however, have demonstrated conclusively that ''Glaucidium'' belongs in Ranunculaceae,〔Wei Wang, An-Ming Lu, Yi Ren, Mary E. Endress, and Zhi-Duan Chen. 2009. "Phylogeny and Classification of Ranunculales: Evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data". ''Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics'' 11(2):81-110.〕 but that ''Paeonia'' belongs in the unrelated order Saxifragales.〔Shuguang Jian, Pamela S. Soltis, Matthew A. Gitzendanner, Michael J. Moore, Ruiqi Li, Tory A. Hendry, Yin-Long Qiu, Amit Dhingra, Charles D. Bell, and Douglas E. Soltis. 2008. "Resolving an Ancient, Rapid Radiation in Saxifragales". ''Systematic Biology'' 57(1):38-57. (see ''External links'' below).〕
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