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percale
Percale, or percalcos,〔How India clothed the world: the world of South Asian textiles, 1500-1850, Volume 4 of Global economic history series, p.440, Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy, Om Prakash, published by BRILL 2009, ISBN 978-90-04-17653-9〕 is a closely woven plain-weave fabric often used for bed covers. Percale has a thread count of about 200 or higher and is noticeably tighter than the standard type of weave used for bedsheets. It has medium weight, is firm and smooth with no gloss, and warps and washes very well. It is made from both carded and combed yarns, and may be woven of various fibers, such as cotton, polyester, or various blends.〔(''Dotmaison.com.'' Fabric Glossary in the Dotmaison magazine. )〕
==Etymology==
Percale was originally imported from India in the 17th and 18th centuries,〔"percale noun" ( ''The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English.'' Ed. Jennifer Speake. Berkley Books, 1999. Oxford Reference Online. ) Oxford University Press. Cambridgeshire Libraries. 18 December 2007〕 then manufactured in France.〔"percale, ''n. and adj.''", Draft Revision Dec. 2005, Oxford English Dictionary〕 The word may originate from the Persian ''pargālah'', meaning ''rag'',〔"percale", ''The American Heritage Dictionaries'', at (answers.com )〕〔A comprehensive Persian-English dictionary: including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature, being, Johnson and Richardson's Persian, Arabic, and English dictionary, revised, enlarged, and entirely reconstructed, The World's Most Detailed and Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, Francis Joseph Steingass, Asian Educational Services, 1992. ISBN 978-81-206-0670-8〕 although the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (as of December 2005) has traced it only as far as 18th-century French. The dictionary of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans describes ''pexal'' and ''perxal'' as ''some kind of silk fabric in the year 1348 in Valencia''.〔Diccionari Aguiló: materials lexicogràfics / aplegats per Marià Aguiló i Fuster; revisats i publicats sota la cura de Pompeu Fabra i Manuel de Montoliu, page 134, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona 1929.〕 The etymological dictionary of Catalan explains ''perxal'' as ''derived from Perche in France''.〔Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana: O-Qu.- 1986, cop. 1985.- 977 p, page 464, Joan Corominas, Joseph Gulsoy, Max Cahner, Curial Edicions Catalanes, 1995. ISBN 978-84-7256-276-9〕 In the year 1322 in Dalmatia, which had trade connections also as the Republic of Venice, Peter de genere Percal was mentioned. This word ''Percal'', which occurred the first time in a Supreme Court verdict on Latin in 1322 in Dalmatia, derived from the Hebrew word פרקליט (''prklyt''), which derived from the Ancient Greek word παράκλητος (''parákletos''), which means ''lawyer''. The relationship between bedding and law in ancient Persia can be guessed, because according to Phanias of Eresus, Artaxerxes I of Persia had given to Themistocles the city of Percote with bedding for his house.〔(Themistocles, Part II ), by Plutarch〕 Taking into account the different spellings of this "generatio Percal" due to the variations ''Parkly'' and ''Perkly'' in Dalmatia, the name of a farm near Linlithgow Palace in Scotland, which had been built in the 14th century by a 1st cousin of the grandmother of this Peter de genere Percal, was mentioned in 1431 also as ''Parkly''. This farm was also mentioned as ''Parkle'' (1431), ''Perkley'' (1432), ''Parcle'' (1438), ''Perkle'' (1439), ''Parklye'' (1440), ''Parklee'' (1489), ''Perklee'' (1490/91), ''Parklie'' (1528), ''Pairklie'' (1638), ''Pairkly'' (1647) and ''Parkly'' (1648) since then and it is mentioned as ''Parkley'' since 1671.〔Monumenta spectantia historiam slavorum meridionalium, Volume 42, page XIX, Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slavorum Meridionalium, 1917.〕〔The place-names of West Lothian, page 63, Angus Macdonald, Oliver and Boyd, 1941.〕〔(Parkley farm )〕
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