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petal
Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. Together, all of the petals of a flower are called a ''corolla''. Petals are usually accompanied by another set of special leaves called sepals, that collectively form the ''calyx'' and lie just beneath the corolla. The calyx and the corolla together make up the perianth. When the petals and sepals of a flower are difficult to distinguish, they are collectively called tepals. Examples of plants in which the term ''tepal'' is appropriate include genera such as ''Aloe'' and ''Tulipa''. Conversely, genera such as ''Rosa'' and ''Phaseolus'' have well-distinguished sepals and petals. When the undifferentiated tepals resemble petals, they are referred to as "petaloid", as in petaloid monocots, orders of monocots with brightly coloured tepals. Since they include Liliales, an alternative name is lilioid monocots.
Although petals are usually the most conspicuous parts of animal-pollinated flowers, wind-pollinated species, such as the grasses, either have very small petals or lack them entirely.
==Corolla==
The role of the corolla in plant evolution has been studied extensively since Charles Darwin postulated a theory of the origin of elongated corollae and corolla tubes.
If the petals are free from one another in the corolla, the plant is ''polypetalous'' or ''choripetalous''; while if the petals are at least partially fused together, it is ''gamopetalous'' or ''sympetalous''. The corolla in some plants forms a tube.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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