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phaleristics
Phaleristics (from the Latin ''phalera''; sometimes spelled Faleristics) is an auxiliary science of history which studies orders, medals, decorations (and their systems of awards in differing countries, such as the British honours system). The field also studies the medals' accessories, such as ribbon bars, and award certificates. It studies the historical, sociological and art history dimensions. It also defines the study of badges and pins created for civilian usage. The term defines a field of collecting.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.faleristica.org/?page_id=540#1 )〕
==Origin of the term==
Awards were common in ancient times, but these were strictly military awards. These awards presented real wages for certain services. They differed significantly from the later medieval and modern orders, which represented above all a sign of belonging to a particular organization, although there were also rewards for outstanding deeds.
The word comes from the Ancient Greece ''ta phalara'' (Greek: τὰ φάλαρα), meaning "small round" or "crescent". It referred to the shape of medallions that were given as recognition for outstanding military service or bravery on the battlefield; originally, ''phálara'' were hung round horses' necks, but as their importance grew, they were transferred to the fighter's chest.
Later, both the related customs and the term (Latin: ''phalera'') were adopted by the Romans.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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