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Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body or on microorganisms or parasites within or on the body and the mechanisms of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect. One dominant example is drug-receptor interactions as modeled by : where ''L''=ligand (drug), ''R''=receptor (attachment site), reaction dynamics that can be studied mathematically through tools such as free energy maps. Pharmacodynamics is often summarized as the study of what a drug does to the body, whereas pharmacokinetics is the study of what the body does to a drug. Pharmacodynamics is sometimes abbreviated as "PD", while pharmacokinetics can be referred to as "PK". See PK/PD models. ==Effects on the body== The majority of drugs either (a) mimic or inhibit normal physiological/biochemical processes or inhibit pathological processes in animals or (b) inhibit vital processes of endo- or ectoparasites and microbial organisms. There are 7 main drug actions: *stimulating action through direct receptor agonism and downstream effects *depressing action through direct receptor agonism and downstream effects (ex.: inverse agonist) *blocking/antagonizing action (as with silent antagonists), the drug binds the receptor but does not activate it *stabilizing action, the drug seems to act neither as a stimulant or as a depressant (ex.: some drugs possess receptor activity that allows them to stabilize general receptor activation, like buprenorphine in opioid dependent individuals or aripiprazole in schizophrenia, all depending on the dose and the recipient) *exchanging/replacing substances or accumulating them to form a reserve (ex.: glycogen storage) *direct beneficial chemical reaction as in free radical scavenging *direct harmful chemical reaction which might result in damage or destruction of the cells, through induced toxic or lethal damage (cytotoxicity or irritation) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「pharmacodynamics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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