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pholcodine
Pholcodine is a drug which is an opioid cough suppressant (antitussive). It helps suppress unproductive coughs and also has a mild sedative effect, but has little or no analgesic effects. It is also known as morpholinylethylmorphine and homocodeine.
Pholcodine is found in certain cough lozenges.〔(inovapharma.com )〕 However, in the UK, the preparation is almost exclusively an oral solution, typically 5 mg / 5 ml. Adult dosage is 5-10ml up to 3-4 times daily.〔BNF (2007). British National Formulary 54. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., RPS Publishing, London. Page 175.〕 Pholcodine now largely replaces the previously more common codeine linctus, as it has a much lower potential for dependence.
Pholcodine is not prescribed in the United States where it is classed as a Schedule I drug, the most illegal category, which includes the likes of heroin, LSD and ecstacy.〔US Food and Drug Administration. (2009) "Legislation - Controlled Substances" (http://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Legislation/ucm148726.htm )〕 It is a class B substance in the United Kingdom but can be purchased over-the-counter in most UK pharmacies.〔("Boots Night Cough Relief" )〕〔("Care Pholcodine Linctus" )〕
==Mechanism of action==
Pholcodine is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and freely crosses the blood–brain barrier. It acts primarily on the central nervous system (CNS), causing depression of the cough reflex, partly by a direct effect on the cough centre in the medulla. It is metabolized in the liver and its action may be prolonged in individuals with hepatic insufficiency (i.e. liver problems). Its use is therefore contraindicated in patients with liver disease, while care is advised in patients with hepatic impairment.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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