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The phosphonium (more obscurely: phosphinium) cation describes polyatomic cations with the chemical formula .〔D. E. C. Corbridge "Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology" 5th Edition Elsevier: Amsterdam 1995. ISBN 0-444-89307-5.〕 Salts of the parent PH4+ are rarely encountered, but this ion is an intermediate in the preparation of the industrially useful tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride: :PH3 + HCl + 4 CH2O → P(CH2OH)4+Cl− Organic phosphonium salts are common reagents in the laboratory. Those with a P-H bond are produced through protonation of phosphines: :PR3 + H+ → HPR3+ Many organic quaternary phosphonium cations () are produced by alkylation of organophosphines. For example the reaction of triphenylphosphine with methyl iodide gives methyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, the precursor to a Wittig reagent: :PPh3 + CH3I → CH3PPh3+I− The cation tetraphenylphosphonium (PPh4+) is a useful precipitating agent, analogous to quaternary ammonium salts used in phase transfer catalysis. ==See also== *Ammonium (NH4+) *Hydronium (H3O+) *Onium compounds 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「phosphonium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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