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Phylogenomics is the intersection of the fields of evolution and genomics.〔(BioMed Central | Full text | Overview of the First Phylogenomics Conference )〕 The term has been used in multiple ways to refer to analysis that involves genome data and evolutionary reconstructions. It is a group of techniques within the larger fields of phylogenetics and genomics. Phylogenomics draws information by comparing entire genomes, or at least large portions of genomes. Phylogenetics compares and analyzes the sequences of single genes, or a small number of genes, as well as many other types of data. Four major areas fall under phylogenomics: * Prediction of gene function * Establishment and clarification of evolutionary relationships * Gene family evolution * Prediction and retracing lateral gene transfer. ==Prediction of Gene Function== When Jonathan Eisen originally coined ''phylogenomics'', it applied to prediction of gene function. Before the use of phylogenomic techniques, predicting gene function was done primarily by comparing the gene sequence with the sequences of genes with known functions. When several genes with similar sequences but differing functions are involved, this method alone is ineffective in determining function. A specific example is presented in the paper “Gastronomic Delights: A movable feast”. Gene predictions based on sequence similarity alone had been used to predict that ''Helicobacter pylori'' can repair mismatched DNA. This prediction was based on the fact that this organism has a gene for which the sequence is highly similar to genes from other species in the "MutS" gene family which included many known to be involved in mismatch repair. However, Eisen noted that ''H. pylori'' lacks other genes thought to be essential for this function (specifically, members of the MutL family). Eisen suggested a solution to this apparent discrepancy - phylogenetic trees of genes in the MutS family revealed that the gene found in ''H. pylori'' was not in the same subfamily as those known to be involved in mismatch repair.〔 Furthermore, he suggested that this "phylogenomic" approach could be used as a general method for prediction functions of genes. This approach was formally described in 1998. For reviews of this aspect of phylogenomics see Brown D, Sjölander K. Functional classification using phylogenomic inference. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「phylogenomics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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