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physics
Physics (from , from ''phúsis'' "nature"〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=physics&allowed_in_frame=0 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=physic&allowed_in_frame=0 )〕〔, , 〕) is the natural science that involves the study of matter〔At the start of ''The Feynman Lectures on Physics'', Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is () that ''all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another'' ..." 〕 and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force.〔"Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." 〕 More broadly, it is ''one'' of the main analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.〔"Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves.〕〔"Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena."〕〔"Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." 〕
Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences〔 while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy.
Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons;〔 advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization, and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
==History==
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