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''Pietas'', translated variously as "duty", "religiosity"〔Jonathan Williams, "Religion and Roman Coins," in ''A Companion to Roman Religion'' (Blackwell, 2007), p. 156.〕 or "religious behavior",〔Nicole Belayche, "Religious Actors in Daily Life: Practices and Related Beliefs," in ''A Companion to Roman Religion'', p. 279.〕 "loyalty",〔Frank Bernstein, "Complex Rituals: Games and Processions in Republican Rome," in ''A Companion to Roman Religion'', p. 227.〕 "devotion", or "filial piety" (English "piety" derives from the Latin), was one of the chief virtues among the ancient Romans. It was the distinguishing virtue of the founding hero Aeneas, who is often given the adjectival epithet ''pius'' ("religious") throughout Vergil's epic ''Aeneid''. The sacred nature of ''pietas'' was embodied by the divine personification Pietas, a goddess often pictured on Roman coins. The Greek equivalent is ''eusebeia'' (εὐσέβεια).〔J. Rufus Fears, "The Cult of Virtues and Roman Imperial Ideology," ''Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt'' II.17.2 (1981), pp. 864–865.〕 Cicero defined ''pietas'' as the virtue "which admonishes us to do our duty to our country or our parents or other blood relations."〔Cicero, ''De inventione'' 2.22.66 ''(pietatem, quae erga patriam aut parentes aut alios sanguine coniunctos officium conservare moneat)'', as quoted by Hendrik Wagenvoort, ''Pietas: Selected Studies in Roman Religion'' (Brill, 1980), p. 7.〕 The man who possessed ''pietas'' "performed all his duties towards the deity and his fellow human beings fully and in every respect," as the 19th-century classical scholar Georg Wissowa described it.〔As quoted by Wagenvort, ''Pietas,'' p. 7.〕 ==As virtue== ''Pietas erga parentes'' ("''pietas'' toward one's parents") was one of the most important aspects of demonstrating virtue. ''Pius'' as a ''cognomen'' originated as way to mark a person as especially "pious" in this sense: announcing one's personal ''pietas'' through official nomenclature seems to have been an innovation of the late Republic, when Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius claimed it for his efforts to have his father, Numidicus, recalled from exile.〔Fears, "The Cult of Virtues," p. 880.〕 ''Pietas'' extended also toward "parents" in the sense of "ancestors," and was one of the basic principles of Roman tradition, as expressed by the care of the dead.〔Stefan Heid, "The Romanness of Roman Christianity," in ''A Companion to Roman Religion'', p. 408.〕 ''Pietas'' as a virtue resided within a person, in contrast to a virtue or gift such as ''Victoria,'' which was given by the gods. ''Pietas,'' however, allowed a person to recognize the divine source of benefits conferred.〔Fears, "The Cult of Virtues," p. 878.〕 The first recorded use of ''pietas'' in English occurs in Anselm Bayly’s ''The Alliance of Music, Poetry, and Oratory'', published in 1789.〔Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford English Dictionary Online. Web. 28 Jan. 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「pietas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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