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pinochle
Pinochle () or Binocle (sometimes pinocle, or penuchle) is a trick-taking card game typically for two to four players and played with a 48-card deck. It is derived from the card game bezique; players score points by trick-taking and also by forming combinations of cards into melds. It is thus considered part of a "trick-and-meld" category which also includes a cousin, belote. Each hand is played in three phases: bidding, melds, and tricks. The standard game today is called "partnership auction pinochle."
==History==
Pinochle derives from the game bezique. The French word "binocle" also meant "eyeglasses".〔French wiktionary entry for "binocle"〕 The word is also possibly derived from the French word, "binage", for the combination of cards called "binocle".〔Deborah Doyle (edited). ''Hoyle's Official Rules of Card Games''. Redwood: Dingley. 2000. Page 420.〕 This latter pronunciation of the game would be adopted by German speakers. German immigrants brought the game to America, where it was later mispronounced and misspelled "Pinochle."〔John Scarne. ''Scarne on Cards''. Signet: New York. 1965. Pages 310-311.〕
Auction pinochle for three players has some similarities with the German game skat, although the bidding is more similar to that of bid whist.
During World War I, the city of Syracuse, New York outlawed the playing of pinochle in a fit of anti-German sentiment.〔Rensselaer County Historical Society. ''Online Exhibitions: "Grüß Gott" in Rensselaer County: The Twentieth Century''. 17 October 2002. Downloaded 12 February 2007.()〕 Pinochle was the favorite card game of American Jews and Irish immigrants, while skat was the preferred game of a majority of German immigrants.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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