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piphat
A ''piphat'' ((タイ語:ปี่พาทย์), ) is a kind of ensemble in the classical music of Thailand, which features wind and percussion instruments. It is considered the primary form of ensemble for the interpretation of the most sacred and "high-class" compositions of the Thai classical repertoire, including the Buddhist invocation entitled ''sathukan'' ((タイ語:สาธุการ)) as well as the suites called ''phleng rueang''. It is also used to accompany traditional Thai theatrical and dance forms including ''khon'' ((タイ語:โขน)) (masked dance-drama), ''lakhon'' (classical dance), and shadow puppet theater.
==Hard-mallet vs. soft-mallet==
The most common form of ''piphat'' is called ''piphat mai khaeng'' (ปี่พาทย์ไม้แข็ง). This ensemble uses an oboe called ''pi'' (after which the ''piphat'' ensemble is named), in combination with xylophones, gong circles, and other percussion instruments, with the xylophones and gong circles using hard mallets, creating a very bright, loud sound. A quieter variety of ''pipat'' ensemble, called ''piphat mai nuam'' (ปี่พาทย์ไม้นวม), uses a vertical flute called ''khlui phiang o'' in place of the ''pi'', and soft mallets are used in place of hard mallets. Because the ''piphat mai nuam'' produces a relatively soft, mellow sound, the large ''glawng thad'' drums are not used. Also, the ensemble may include ''saw u'', to enhance its soft sound.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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